This article explores the major causes, symptoms, preventive measures, and lifestyle changes needed to reduce the rising cases of kidney disease and protect overall health.
Introduction
In recent years, there has been a worrying increase in the rate of kidney failure globally. Health experts and organizations have raised alarms as more people both young and old are being diagnosed with kidney-related diseases. This rise is linked to several lifestyle factors, environmental exposures like dehydration and unregulated pharmaceuticals, underlying medical conditions like hypertension and diabetes that have become common in today’s fast-paced world, alongside genetic predispositions.
A national screening in 2022 found a high prevalence of kidney dysfunction across Nigeria, with acute kidney injury and end-stage renal disease increasing, especially in younger adults and males.
Here are some common symptoms of kidney failure
- Swelling (Edema): Especially in the legs, ankles, feet, or face due to fluid retention.
- Fatigue and Weakness: Caused by the buildup of toxins and a decrease in red blood cell production.
- Changes in Urination: Such as reduced urine output, dark-colored urine, blood in urine, or foamy urine.
- Shortness of Breath: Due to fluid buildup in the lungs or anemia.
- Persistent Nausea and Vomiting: As waste products accumulate in the bloodstream.
- Loss of Appetite: Reduced desire to eat, often leading to weight loss.
- Muscle Cramps: Especially at night, caused by electrolyte imbalances.
- Itchy or Dry Skin: A result of waste buildup and mineral imbalances.
- Swelling Around the Eyes: Particularly noticeable in the morning.
- Confusion or Difficulty Concentrating: Due to toxin accumulation affecting brain function.
Causes of the Rising Rate of Kidney Failure
Primary Causes
Diabetes: Too much glucose in the blood can damage the delicate filters (glomeruli) within the kidneys, leading to kidney damage.
High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): High blood pressure damages the blood vessels in the kidneys, impairing their ability to filter waste and excess fluid from the body.
Other Causes Includes
- Unhealthy Lifestyle Choices
Modern diets rich in processed foods, high salt, and sugar are major contributors to kidney problems. Excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and lack of exercise also increase the risk of high blood pressure and diabetes two leading causes of kidney failure.
- Increasing Cases of Diabetes and Hypertension
Diabetes and high blood pressure damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their ability to filter blood properly. As these conditions become more common, so does the rate of kidney disease.
- Abuse of Painkillers and Self-Medication
Overuse of pain relievers such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can harm the kidneys over time. Self-medication without a doctor’s guidance has become widespread, leading to kidney damage in many individuals.
- Lack of Regular Health Checkups
Many people do not go for routine medical examinations. Kidney diseases often show no symptoms in the early stages, and by the time they are detected, the kidneys may already be severely damaged.
- Environmental and Occupational Factors
Exposure to toxins, contaminated water, and heavy metals such as lead and mercury can cause long-term kidney damage. In some developing regions, unsafe industrial practices have worsened the problem.
Impact of the Rising Kidney Failure Cases
The increasing cases of kidney failure have significant social and economic effects. Families face emotional stress and financial hardship due to expensive dialysis and transplant costs. Health systems are also burdened by the growing number of patients requiring long-term care.
Rising kidney failure cases impose severe health consequences like disability, premature death and reduce quality of life, while straining healthcare systems and individuals financially due to high treatment costs. The economic burden includes loss of productivity, particularly in countries with underfunded healthcare systems.
Possible Solutions and Preventive Measures
- Promoting Healthy Lifestyles
Adopting a balanced diet, reducing salt and sugar intake, drinking plenty of water, and avoiding excessive alcohol can protect kidney health. Regular exercise helps control blood pressure and blood sugar levels.
- Regular Health Screening
Early detection saves lives. Routine blood and urine tests can help identify kidney problems before they become severe. Governments and health organizations should encourage public awareness and screening programs.
- Responsible Use of Medications
Avoid unnecessary use of over-the-counter painkillers. Always consult a medical professional before taking drugs or herbal supplements, as some may harm the kidneys.
- Improved Access to Healthcare
Governments and NGOs should invest in better healthcare infrastructure and kidney treatment centers. Affordable dialysis and transplant programs can reduce mortality rates among kidney patients.
- Public Education and Awareness
Awareness campaigns can help people understand the importance of kidney health and how to prevent damage through lifestyle adjustments and early checkups.
Conclusion
The rising rate of kidney failure is a global health concern that demands urgent attention. With early detection, healthier living, and public education, this deadly trend can be slowed. Every individual has a role to play by taking care of their health, avoiding harmful habits, and encouraging others to do the same, we can protect future generations from this silent killer.