{"id":8286,"date":"2023-04-11T15:55:31","date_gmt":"2023-04-11T15:55:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/?p=8286"},"modified":"2024-10-30T11:08:41","modified_gmt":"2024-10-30T11:08:41","slug":"political-history-of-ethiopia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-ethiopia\/","title":{"rendered":"POLITICAL HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

Ethiopia<\/strong><\/em>, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of\u00a0Ethiopia<\/strong><\/em>, is a landlocked country in the world and is located in the Horn of Africa.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

EARLY POLITICAL HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The Government of the Ethiopian Empire was historically based on the framework of absolute monarchy with feudal system, where religious legitimacy and wealthier class generally prone priority.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ethiopia defeated an Egyptian invasion in 1876 and an Italian invasion in 1896 which killed 17,000 Ethiopians, and came to be recognized as a legitimate state by European powers.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

TRANSMISSION OF POWER IN ETHIOPIA<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

It is tempting to start an analysis of how power is organized and exercised in Ethiopia by going back to 1991, when the Tigray People\u2019s Liberation Front (TPLF) overthrew the military junta (\u2018Derg\u2019) under Mengistu Haile Mariam and brought 17 years of rebellion-cum-liberation struggle to an end. It was a watershed moment that ended a prolonged period of harsh oppression in which tens of thousands of Ethiopians disappeared, perished, fled or were imprisoned.\u200d It was also the start of the period 1991\u201395 in which Ethiopia\u2019s current political settlement was forged between the different political parties that make up the Ethiopian People\u2019s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

However, taking 1991 as a starting point risks putting too much emphasis on contemporary factors that influence Ethiopia\u2019s political settlement, and too little on historical ones, producing an unbalanced understanding of its evolution. Indeed, a more appropriate historical marker is the reign of Menelik II (1889\u20131913) as it was under his rule that the Ethiopian empire was consolidated administratively and became a lasting political fixture of modern East Africa after the defeat of Italian colonial forces at the battle of Adowa (1896). It acquired more or less its present form through a series of campaigns resulting in the conquest of both the highland periphery of the Ethiopian plateau and the lowlands surrounding it.\u200d\u00a0Ethiopia\u2019s ability to avoid all but a very short period of direct colonial rule has enabled its rulers to chart an autonomous path of national development, which has involved dealing with friction between its diverse social forces, and experimenting with various modes of governance and the organization of security.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

ETHIOPIA\u2019S POLITICAL SETTLEMENT<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

An examination of Ethiopia\u2019s history since 1889 suggests a number of historical (between 1889 and 1991) and contemporary (between 1991 and 2015) factors that have influenced the evolution of the country\u2019s political settlement. Table 1 provides a brief summary of these factors, which are then analyzed to generate the basic political parameters of the organization of security in Ethiopia.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Table 1<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Factors influencing the evolution of Ethiopia\u2019s political settlement<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Historical (1889\u20131991)<\/strong><\/td>\r\nContemporary (1991\u20132015)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
1. A legacy of centralization, control and coercion continues to influence styles of rule and administrative approaches<\/td>\r\n1. The partial transition of the TPLF\/EPRDF from movement to political party creates strong leadership structures that rest partly on internal control and a lack of external transparency<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2. A legacy of exclusionary rule with ethnic undertones limits broader distribution of power and risks counter-mobilization(s)<\/td>\r\n2. The expectation that TPLF\/EPRDF rule will continue perpetuates a single-party monopoly<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3. The volatility and insecurity of the region requires and perpetuates securitized approaches to (political) conflict<\/td>\r\n3. Political power and economic interests are fused and harnessed to a national strategy of state-led economic development.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

POLITICAL STUCTURE OF ETHIOPIA<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The\u00a0politics of Ethiopia<\/strong>\u00a0are the\u00a0activities associated with the governance\u00a0of\u00a0Ethiopia. The government is structured as a federal parliamentary republic with both a\u00a0President\u00a0and\u00a0Prime Minister. The government is\u00a0multicameralism\u00a0with a house of representative and a council. The term\u00a0politics of Ethiopia<\/strong>\u00a0mainly relates to the political activities in Ethiopia after the late 20th century when the democratization took place in the nation.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The government of Ethiopia is structured in the form of a\u00a0federal\u00a0parliamentary\u00a0republic, whereby the\u00a0Prime Minister\u00a0is the\u00a0head of government.\u00a0Executive power\u00a0is exercised by the government while\u00a0legislative power\u00a0is vested in the\u00a0Parliament. The\u00a0Judiciary\u00a0is more or less independent of the executive and the legislature. There are 10 ethnically based\u00a0administrative regions\u00a0and 2 self-governing administrations; the capital city\u00a0Addis Ababa\u00a0and\u00a0Dire Dawa.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The\u00a0president of Ethiopia\u00a0is elected by the\u00a0House of Peoples’ Representatives\u00a0for a six-year term. The prime minister is chosen by the parliament. The prime minister is designated by the party in power following legislative elections. The Council of Ministers, according to the\u00a01995 constitution, is comprised by the Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Ministers, various Ministers and other members as determined and approved by the House of Peoples’ Representatives. At the current time, this includes the 20 members of\u00a0Council of Ministers.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The\u00a0Federal Parliamentary Assembly\u00a0has two\u00a0chambers: the\u00a0Council of People’s Representatives\u00a0(Yehizbtewekayoch Mekir Bet<\/em>) with 547 members, elected for five-year terms in single-seat\u00a0constituencies; and the\u00a0Council of the Federation\u00a0(Yefedereshn Mekir Bet<\/em>) with 110 members, one for each\u00a0nationality, and one additional representative for each one million of its population, designated by the regional councils, which may elect them themselves or through popular elections.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The president and vice president of the\u00a0Federal Supreme Court\u00a0are recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People’s Representatives; for other federal judges, the prime minister submits candidates selected by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council to the People’s Representatives for appointment.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

CONCLUSION<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The current political structure of Ethiopia was formed after the Tigrayan People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) overthrew Dictator President Mengistu Haile Mariam in 1991. General election was held in June 1994 and Ethiopia has maintained a multiparty political environment till today.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of\u00a0Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the world and is located in the Horn of Africa. EARLY POLITICAL HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA The Government of the Ethiopian Empire was historically based on the framework of absolute monarchy with feudal system, where religious legitimacy and wealthier class generally prone priority. Ethiopia […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10564,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[694,1656],"class_list":["post-8286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa","tag-history-of-ethiopia","tag-transmission-of-power-in-ethiopia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPOLITICAL HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA - Aziza Goodnews<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the world and is located in the Horn of Africa.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-ethiopia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"POLITICAL HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the world and is located in the Horn of Africa.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-ethiopia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Aziza Goodnews\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/web.facebook.com\/azizaNigeria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-04-11T15:55:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-10-30T11:08:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/PAST-PRESIDENTS-OF-ETHIOPIA-TILL-DATE1.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"480\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"269\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Aziza Nigeria\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Aziza Nigeria\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/political-history-of-ethiopia\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/political-history-of-ethiopia\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Aziza Nigeria\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/a29bc9acbb64b1e017ed494d99d5459d\"},\"headline\":\"POLITICAL HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-04-11T15:55:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-10-30T11:08:41+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/political-history-of-ethiopia\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":906,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/political-history-of-ethiopia\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/PAST-PRESIDENTS-OF-ETHIOPIA-TILL-DATE1.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"History of Ethiopia\",\"Transmission of power in Ethiopia\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Africa\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/political-history-of-ethiopia\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/political-history-of-ethiopia\\\/\",\"name\":\"POLITICAL HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA - 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