This post discusses the political history of Egypt, politics and political parties, Election and political pressure of Egypt.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
THE EARLY POLITICAL ERA OF EGYPT<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n Following the formal abolition of the monarchy in 1953, Egypt was known officially as the Republic of Egypt until 1958, the United Arab Republic from 1958 to 1971 (including a period of union with Syria from 1958 to 1961), and has been known as the Arab Republic of Egypt since 1971.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n Much of the history of Egypt is divided into\u00a0three \u201ckingdom\u201d periods<\/strong>\u2014Old, Middle, and New\u2014with shorter intermediate periods separating the kingdoms. The term “intermediate” here refers to the fact that during these times Egypt was not a unified political power, and thus was in between powerful kingdoms<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n The Old Kingdom (about 2,700-2,200 B.C.E.), the Middle Kingdom (2,050-1,800 B.C.E.), and the New Kingdom (about 1,550-1,100 B.C.E.). The New Kingdom was followed by a period called the Late New Kingdom, which lasted to about 343 B.C.E.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n DEMOCRACY IN EGYPT<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n The January 25th 2011 movement was the first milestone of Egyptian democracy which gave the people power, replacing the authoritarian ruler. The 18 day protest successfully overthrew Egypt’s dictatorial regime that had been ruling the nation for nearly 3 decades.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n A democratic republic is a form of government operating on principles adopted from a republic and a democracy. As a cross between two similar systems, democratic republics may function on principles shared by both republics and democracies.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n POLITICS IN EGYPT<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n The\u00a0politics of Egypt\u00a0takes place within the framework of a\u00a0republican\u00a0semi-presidential system\u00a0of government. The current political system was established following the\u00a02013 Egyptian military coup d’\u00e9tat, and the takeover of\u00a0President\u00a0Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. In the current system, the President is elected for a six-year term. He can appoint up to 5 percent of the parliament. Furthermore, the President has the power to dissolve Parliament through Article 137. The\u00a0Parliament of Egypt\u00a0is the oldest legislative chamber in Africa and the Middle East. The\u00a0unicameral\u00a0Parliament has the ability to impeach the President through Article 161. With 2020 elections to the new Senate, the chamber became bicameral.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n The presidential position was created after the\u00a0Egyptian Revolution of 1952; Mohammed Naguib was the first to hold the position. Before 2005, the Parliament chose a candidate for the presidency and the people voted, in a referendum, whether or not they approved the proposed candidate for president. After the\u00a0Egyptian Revolution of 2011, a new presidential election was held\u00a02012; it was the first free and fair elections in Egypt’s political history. The\u00a0Muslim Brotherhood\u00a0declared early 18 June 2012, that its candidate,\u00a0Mohamed Morsi, won the election. After a wave of public discontent with autocratic excesses of the\u00a0Muslim Brotherhood\u00a0government of President\u00a0Mohamed Morsi;the beginning of July 2013 marked the onset of the 2013 Egyptian coup d’\u00e9tat, following the decision of\u00a0General\u00a0Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, to remove Morsi from office and suspend the constitution of 2012. El-Sisi was then elected head of state in the\u00a02014 presidential election.\u00a0On 8 June 2014, Abdel Fatah el-Sisi was officially sworn in as Egypt’s new president.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n In April 2019, Egypt’s parliament extended presidential terms from four to six years.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n A\u00a0constitutional referendum\u00a0was held in Egypt from 20 to 22 April 2019, with overseas voting taking place between 19 and 21 April. The proposed changes allowed President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi to remain in power until 2030; under the previous version of the constitution, he would have been barred from contesting the next elections, set to take place in 2022. The changes were approved by 88.83% of voters who voted, with a 44% turnout.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n Political Parties and Election<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n According to the\u00a0Egyptian Constitution, political parties are allowed to exist. Religious political parties are not allowed as it would not respect the\u00a0principle of non-interference of religion in politics\u00a0and that religion has to remain in the private sphere to respect all beliefs. Also forbidden are political parties supporting militia formations or having an agenda that is contradictory to the constitution and its principles, or threatening the country’s stability such as national unity between Muslim Egyptians and\u00a0Christian Egyptians.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n As of 2015, there are more than 100 registered political parties in Egypt. The largest were the\u00a0Free Egyptians Party,\u00a0New Wafd Party,\u00a0Conference Party, and the\u00a0Egyptian Social Democratic Party.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n In December 2020, final results of the parliamentary\u00a0election\u00a0confirmed a clear majority of the seats for Egypt\u2019s Mostaqbal Watn (Nation\u2019s Future) Party, which strongly supports president El-Sisi. The party even increased its majority, partly because of new electoral rules.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n Political Pressure<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n Before the revolution, Mubarak tolerated limited political activity by the Brotherhood for his first two terms, and then moved more aggressively to block its influence. Trade unions and professional associations are officially sanctioned. In 2014, in Upper Egypt, several newspapers reported that the region of Upper Egypt wants to secede from Egypt to try to improve living standards<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n policy of Egypt<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n The\u00a0Foreign relations of\u00a0Egypt\u00a0are the Egyptian government’s external relations with the outside world. Egypt’s foreign policy operates along a non-aligned level. Factors such as population size, historical events, military strength, diplomatic expertise and a strategic geographical position give Egypt extensive political influence in the\u00a0Middle East,\u00a0Africa, and\u00a0within\u00a0the\u00a0Non-Aligned Movement\u00a0as a whole.\u00a0Cairo\u00a0has been a crossroads of the\u00a0Arab world’s commerce and culture for centuries, and its intellectual and religious institutions are at the center of the region’s social and cultural landmarks.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n The permanent headquarters for the\u00a0League of Arab States\u00a0(The Arab League) is located in Cairo. The Secretary-General of the League has traditionally been an Egyptian. Former Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Abu El Ghet is the present Secretary-General of the Arab League. The Arab League moved out of Egypt to Tunis in 1978 as a protest at the peace treaty with Israel but returned in 1989.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n Egypt was the first Arab state to establish diplomatic relations with the state of Israel, after the signing of the\u00a0Egypt\u2013Israel peace treaty\u00a0at the\u00a0Camp David Accords. Egypt has a major influence amongst other Arab states, and has historically played an important role as a mediator in resolving disputes between various Arab nations, and in the Israeli\u2013Palestinian dispute. Most Arab nations still give credence to Egypt playing that role, though its effects are often limited.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n Former Egyptian Deputy Prime Minister\u00a0Boutros Boutros-Ghali\u00a0served as Secretary General of the United Nations from 1991 to 1996.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n A territorial dispute with Sudan over an area known as the\u00a0Hala\u2019ib Triangle\u00a0has meant that diplomatic relations between the two remains strained.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" This post discusses the political history of Egypt, politics and political parties, Election and political pressure of Egypt. THE EARLY POLITICAL ERA OF EGYPT Following the formal abolition of the monarchy in 1953, Egypt was known officially as the Republic of Egypt until 1958, the United Arab Republic from 1958 to 1971 (including a period […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10545,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[563,1283,1368],"class_list":["post-8301","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa","tag-foreign-relations-of-egypt","tag-political-parties-of-egypt","tag-presidents-of-egypt"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n