{"id":8499,"date":"2023-05-04T10:24:54","date_gmt":"2023-05-04T10:24:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/?p=8499"},"modified":"2024-10-30T08:00:02","modified_gmt":"2024-10-30T08:00:02","slug":"political-history-of-tanzania","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-tanzania\/","title":{"rendered":"THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF TANZANIA IN AFRICA"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p><strong>INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>This\u00a0post discusses political history of Tanzania, the politics in where it explains the government of Tanzania as a unitary government.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The\u00a0politics of Tanzania\u00a0takes place in a framework of\u00a0unitary\u00a0presidential\u00a0democratic\u00a0republic, whereby the\u00a0President of Tanzania\u00a0is both\u00a0head of state\u00a0and\u00a0head of government, and of a\u00a0multi-party system.\u00a0Executive power\u00a0is exercised by the government.\u00a0Legislative power\u00a0is vested in both the\u00a0government\u00a0and parliament. The party system is dominated by the\u00a0\u00a0(<em>Revolutionary State Party<\/em>). The\u00a0Judiciary\u00a0is independent of the executive and the legislature<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The\u00a0Economist Intelligence Unit\u00a0rated Tanzania a &#8220;hybrid regime&#8221; in 2022.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>POLITICAL HISTORY<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Full independence came in December 1961 and\u00a0Julius Kambarage Nyerere\u00a0(1922\u20131999), a\u00a0socialist\u00a0leader who led Tanganyika from colonial rule, was elected President in 1961. One of Africa\u2019s most respected figures, Julius Nyerere was seen as a politician of principle and intelligence. Known as\u00a0<em>Mwalimu<\/em>\u00a0(teacher), he proposed a widely acclaimed vision of education.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>From independence in 1961 until the mid-1980s, Tanzania was a\u00a0one-party state, with a socialist model of\u00a0economic development. Beginning in the mid-1980s, under the administration of President\u00a0Ali Hassan Mwinyi, Tanzania undertook a number of political and economic reforms. In January and February 1992, the government decided to adopt multiparty democracy. Legal and constitutional changes led to the registration of 11 political parties. Two parliamentary by-elections in early 1994, both won by Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), were the first-ever multiparty elections in Tanzanian history.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>In October 2000, Tanzania held its second multi-party general elections. The ruling CCM party\u2019s candidate,\u00a0Benjamin W. Mkapa, defeated his three main rivals, winning the presidential election with 71% of the vote. In the parliamentary elections, CCM won 202 of the 232 elected seats. In the\u00a0Zanzibar\u00a0presidential election,\u00a0Abeid Amani Karume, the son of former President Abeid Karume, defeated CUF candidate\u00a0Seif Shariff Hamad. The election was marred by irregularities, and subsequent political violence claimed at least 23 lives in January 2001, mostly on\u00a0Pemba Island, where police used\u00a0tear gas\u00a0and bullets against demonstrators. Hundreds were injured, and state forces were reported to have attacked boats of\u00a0refugees\u00a0fleeing to\u00a0Kenya.\u00a0Also, 16 CUF members were expelled from the Union Parliament after boycotting the legislature to protest the Zanzibar election results.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Read:<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-states-in-united-states-of-america-usa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"7833\">POLITICAL HISTORY OF STATES IN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (USA).<\/a><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>In October 2001, the CCM and the CUF parties signed a reconciliation agreement that called for electoral reforms and set up a Commission of Inquiry to investigate the deaths that occurred in January 2001 on Pemba. The agreement also led to the President appointment of an additional CUF official to become a member of the Union Parliament. Changes to the Zanzibar Constitution in April 2002 allowed both the CCM and CUF parties to nominate members to the Zanzibar Electoral Commission. In May 2003, the Zanzibar Electoral Commission conducted by-elections to fill vacant seats in the parliament, including those seats vacated by the CUF boycott.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Observers considered these by-elections, the first major test of the reconciliation agreement, to be free, fair, and peaceful. President Mkapa, Vice President\u00a0Ali Mohamed Shein, Prime Minister\u00a0Frederick Sumaye, and National Assembly members will serve until the next general elections in 2005. Similarly, Zanzibar President Karume and members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives also will complete their terms of office in 2005.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>As of 2010, Tanzania was ranked Partly Free by\u00a0Freedom House.\u00a0The 2011\u00a0Democracy Index\u00a0marked Tanzania as a &#8220;hybrid regime&#8221;, ranking it 90th out of 167, an improvement from 92nd the year before, but preceding a decline on a number of metrics as shown in subsequent Freedom House studies. By 2018, many of the factors taken into account by Freedom House had undergone a small but significant decline, with the most recent reports citing a marked deterioration in the rights of civil society and reduced the abilities of political opposition to criticize the Magufuli regime. Tanzania remains in the &#8220;Partly free&#8221; category as of 2018.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>According to\u00a0Human Rights Watch\u00a0since the election of President\u00a0John Magufuli\u00a0in December 2015, Tanzania has witnessed a marked decline in respect for free expression, association and assembly. On 19 March 2021, Vice President\u00a0Samia Suluhu Hassan\u00a0became the new president after the sudden death of President John Magufuli. She is the first female President of Tanzania.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>INTRODUCTION This\u00a0post discusses political history of Tanzania, the politics in where it explains the government of Tanzania as a unitary government. The\u00a0politics of Tanzania\u00a0takes place in a framework of\u00a0unitary\u00a0presidential\u00a0democratic\u00a0republic, whereby the\u00a0President of Tanzania\u00a0is both\u00a0head of state\u00a0and\u00a0head of government, and of a\u00a0multi-party system.\u00a0Executive power\u00a0is exercised by the government.\u00a0Legislative power\u00a0is vested in both the\u00a0government\u00a0and parliament. The party [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8507,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[722,1277],"class_list":["post-8499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa","tag-history-of-tanzania","tag-political-history-of-tanzania"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.5 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF TANZANIA IN AFRICA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This\u00a0post discusses the political history of tanzania, the politics where it explains the government of as a unitary government.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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