{"id":8550,"date":"2023-05-17T09:48:12","date_gmt":"2023-05-17T09:48:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/?p=8550"},"modified":"2024-10-30T07:42:07","modified_gmt":"2024-10-30T07:42:07","slug":"political-history-of-kenya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-kenya\/","title":{"rendered":"POLITICAL HISTORY OF KENYA"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

INTRODUCTION<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

This post discusses the political history of Kenya, the early history, independence, multi-party parties and present day Kenya.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

EARLY HISTORY:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

A part of\u00a0Eastern Africa, the territory of what is known as\u00a0Kenya\u00a0has seen\u00a0human habitation\u00a0since the beginning of the\u00a0Lower Paleolithic. The\u00a0Bantu expansion\u00a0from a West African centre of dispersal reached the area by the 1st millennium AD. With the borders of the modern state at the crossroads of the\u00a0Bantu,\u00a0Nilo-Saharan\u00a0and\u00a0Afro-Asiatic\u00a0ethno-linguistic areas of Africa, Kenya is a truly\u00a0multi-ethnic state.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The European and Arab presence in\u00a0Mombasa\u00a0dates to the Early Modern period, but\u00a0European exploration\u00a0of the interior began in the 19th century. The\u00a0British Empire\u00a0established the\u00a0East Africa Protectorate\u00a0in 1895, from 1920 known as the\u00a0Kenya Colony.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

INDEPENDENCE OF KENYA<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

In 1962, a KANU-KADU coalition government, including both Kenyatta and Ngala, was formed. The 1962 constitution established a bicameral legislature consisting of a 117-member House of Representatives and a 41-member Senate. The country was divided into 7 semi-autonomous regions, each with its own regional assembly. The quota principle of reserved seats for non-Africans was abandoned, and open elections were held in May 1963. KADU gained control of the assemblies in the Rift Valley, Coast and Western regions. KANU won majorities in the Senate and House of Representatives, and in the assemblies in the Central, Eastern and Nyanza regions.\u00a0Kenya now achieved internal self-government with Jomo Kenyatta as its first president. The British and KANU agreed, over KADU protests, to constitutional changes in October 1963 strengthening the central government, ensuring that Kenya would be a\u00a0de facto<\/em>\u00a0single-party state. Kenya attained independence on 12 December 1963and was declared a republic on 12 December 1964 with Jomo Kenyatta as Head of State. In 1964 constitutional changes further centralized the government and various state organs were formed. One of the key state organs was the\u00a0Central Bank of Kenya\u00a0which was established in 1966.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Read: Political History Of Senatorial Zones In Nigeria<\/a><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The British government bought out the white settlers and they mostly left Kenya. The Indian minority dominated retail business in the cities and most towns, but was deeply distrusted by the Africans. As a result, 120,000 of the 176,000 Indians kept their old British passports rather than become citizens of an independent Kenya; large numbers left Kenya, most of them headed to Britain.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC OF KENYA:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The independent Republic of Kenya was formed in 1963. It was ruled as a de facto\u00a0one-party state\u00a0by the\u00a0Kenya African National Union\u00a0(KANU), led by\u00a0Jomo Kenyatta\u00a0from 1963 to 1978. Kenyatta was succeeded by\u00a0Daniel arap Moi, who ruled until 2002. Moi attempted to transform the\u00a0de facto<\/em>\u00a0one-party status of Kenya into a\u00a0de jure<\/em>\u00a0status during the 1980s, but with the end of the\u00a0Cold War, the practices of political repression and torture which had been “overlooked” by the Western powers as necessary evils in the effort to contain communism were no longer tolerated.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Moi came under pressure, notably by US ambassador\u00a0Smith Hempstone, to restore a\u00a0multi-party system, which he did by 1991. Moi won elections in 1992 and 1997, which were overshadowed by politically motivated killings on both sides. During the 1990s, evidence of Moi’s involvement in human rights abuses and\u00a0corruption, such as the\u00a0Goldenberg scandal, was uncovered. He was constitutionally barred from running in the 2002 election, which was won by\u00a0Mwai Kibaki. Widely reported electoral fraud on Kibaki’s side in the 2007 elections resulted in the\u00a02007\u20132008 Kenyan crisis. Kibaki was succeeded by\u00a0Uhuru Kenyatta\u00a0in the\u00a02013 general election. There were allegations that his rival\u00a0Raila Odinga\u00a0actually won the contest, however, the Supreme Court through a thorough review of evidence adduced found no malpractice during the conduct of the 2013 general election both from the\u00a0IEBC\u00a0and the\u00a0Jubilee Party\u00a0of\u00a0Uhuru Kenyatta. Uhuru was re-elected in office five years later in 2017. His victory was however controversial. The Supreme Court had vitiated Uhuru win after Raila Odinga disputed the result through a constitutionally allowed Supreme Court petition. Raila Odinga would later boycott a repeat election ordered by the court, allowing Uhuru Kenyatta sail through almost unopposed with 98% of the vote.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Multi-party politics<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

After local and foreign pressure, in December 1991, parliament repealed the one-party section of the constitution. The first multiparty elections were held in 1992.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The Forum for the Restoration of Democracy (FORD) emerged as the leading opposition to KANU, and dozens of leading KANU figures switched parties. But FORD, led by\u00a0Oginga Odinga(1911\u20131994), a Luo, and Kenneth Matiba, a Kikuyu, split into two ethnically based factions. In the first open presidential elections in a quarter century, in December 1992, Moi won with 37% of the vote, Matiba received 26%, Mwai Kibaki (of the mostly Kikuyu Democratic Party) 19%, and Odinga 18%. In the Assembly, KANU won 97 of the 188 seats at stake. Moi’s government in 1993 agreed to economic reforms long urged by the\u00a0World Bank\u00a0and the\u00a0International Monetary Fund, which restored enough aid for Kenya to service its $7.5\u00a0billion foreign debt.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"Kenya-Political-History\"\r\n
Kenya-Political-History<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Obstructing the press both before and after the 1992 elections, Moi continually maintained that multiparty politics would only promote tribal conflict. His own regime depended upon exploitation of inter-group hatreds. Under Moi, the apparatus of clientage and control was underpinned by the system of powerful provincial commissioners, each with a bureaucratic hierarchy based on chiefs (and their police) that was more powerful than the elected members of parliament. Elected local councils lost most of their power, and the provincial bosses were answerable only to the central government, which in turn was dominated by the president. The emergence of mass opposition in 1990\u201391 and demands for constitutional reform were met by rallies against pluralism. The regime leaned on the support of the Kalenjin and incited the Maasai against the Kikuyu. Government politicians denounced the Kikuyu as traitors, obstructed their registration as voters and threatened them with dispossession. In 1993 and after, mass evictions of Kikuyu took place, often with the direct involvement of army, police and game rangers. Armed clashes and many casualties, including deaths, resulted.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Further liberalization in November 1997 allowed the expansion of political parties from 11 to 26. President Moi won re-election as president in the December 1997 elections, and his KANU Party narrowly retained its parliamentary majority.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Moi ruled using a strategic mixture of ethnic favoritism, state repression and marginalization of opposition forces. He utilized detention and torture, looted public finances and appropriated land and other property. Moi sponsored irregular army units that attacked the Luo, Luhya and Kikuyu communities, and he denied his responsibility by attributing the violence to ethnic clashes arising from land dispute.\u00a0Beginning in 1998, Moi engaged in a carefully calculated strategy to manage the presidential succession in his and his party’s favor. Faced with the challenge of a new, multiethnic political coalition, Moi shifted the axis of the 2002 electoral contest from ethnicity to the politics of generational conflict. The strategy backfired, ripping his party wide open and resulting in the humiliating defeat of its candidate, Kenyatta’s son, in the December 2002 general elections.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00a0<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Recent history (2002 to present)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Constitutionally barred from running in the December 2002 presidential elections, Moi unsuccessfully promoted\u00a0Uhuru Kenyatta, the son of Kenya’s first President, as his successor. A rainbow coalition of opposition parties routed the ruling KANU party, and its leader, Moi’s former vice-president\u00a0Mwai Kibaki, was elected president by a large majority.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

On 27 December 2002, by 62% the voters overwhelmingly elected members of the National Rainbow Coalition (NaRC) to parliament and NaRC candidate Mwai Kibaki (b. 1931) to the presidency. Voters rejected the Kenya African National Union’s (KANU) presidential candidate, Uhuru Kenyatta, the handpicked candidate of outgoing president Moi. International and local observers reported the 2002 elections to be generally fairer and less violent than those of both 1992 and 1997. His strong showing allowed Kibaki to choose a cabinet, to seek international support and to balance power within the NaRC.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

INTRODUCTION This post discusses the political history of Kenya, the early history, independence, multi-party parties and present day Kenya. EARLY HISTORY: A part of\u00a0Eastern Africa, the territory of what is known as\u00a0Kenya\u00a0has seen\u00a0human habitation\u00a0since the beginning of the\u00a0Lower Paleolithic. The\u00a0Bantu expansion\u00a0from a West African centre of dispersal reached the area by the 1st millennium AD. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8552,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[702,1293],"class_list":["post-8550","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa","tag-history-of-kenya","tag-politics-in-kenya"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPOLITICAL HISTORY OF KENYA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This post discusses the political history of Kenya, the early history, independence, multi-party parties and present day Kenya.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-kenya\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"POLITICAL HISTORY OF KENYA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This post discusses the political history of Kenya, the early history, independence, multi-party parties and present day Kenya.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-kenya\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Aziza Goodnews\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/web.facebook.com\/azizaNigeria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-05-17T09:48:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-10-30T07:42:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Kenya-Political-History-1-2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"168\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Aziza Nigeria\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Aziza Nigeria\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/political-history-of-kenya\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/political-history-of-kenya\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Aziza Nigeria\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/a29bc9acbb64b1e017ed494d99d5459d\"},\"headline\":\"POLITICAL HISTORY OF KENYA\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-05-17T09:48:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-10-30T07:42:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/political-history-of-kenya\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1293,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/political-history-of-kenya\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/05\\\/Kenya-Political-History-1-2.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"History of Kenya\",\"Politics in Kenya\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Africa\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/political-history-of-kenya\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/political-history-of-kenya\\\/\",\"name\":\"POLITICAL HISTORY OF KENYA\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/political-history-of-kenya\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/political-history-of-kenya\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/05\\\/Kenya-Political-History-1-2.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-05-17T09:48:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-10-30T07:42:07+00:00\",\"description\":\"This post discusses the political history of Kenya, the early history, independence, multi-party parties and present day Kenya.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/political-history-of-kenya\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/political-history-of-kenya\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/political-history-of-kenya\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/05\\\/Kenya-Political-History-1-2.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/05\\\/Kenya-Political-History-1-2.jpg\",\"width\":300,\"height\":168,\"caption\":\"Kenya-Political-History\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/political-history-of-kenya\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"POLITICAL HISTORY OF KENYA\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/\",\"name\":\"Aziza Goodnews\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Aziza Nigeria\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Aziza Nigeria\",\"alternateName\":\"Aziza Goodnews\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/cropped-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/cropped-logo.png\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"Aziza Nigeria\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/web.facebook.com\\\/azizaNigeria\"],\"email\":\"contact@aziza.com.ng\",\"telephone\":\"+234 811 611 2326\",\"legalName\":\"Aziza Nigeria\",\"foundingDate\":\"2011-02-01\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"1\",\"maxValue\":\"10\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/a29bc9acbb64b1e017ed494d99d5459d\",\"name\":\"Aziza Nigeria\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/df3c3583d4277d0c2d2ff252092f9f45c5bb7a8d1f622a69c1afbdb1e59efc31?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/df3c3583d4277d0c2d2ff252092f9f45c5bb7a8d1f622a69c1afbdb1e59efc31?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/df3c3583d4277d0c2d2ff252092f9f45c5bb7a8d1f622a69c1afbdb1e59efc31?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Aziza Nigeria\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.aziza.com.ng\\\/read\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"POLITICAL HISTORY OF KENYA","description":"This post discusses the political history of Kenya, the early history, independence, multi-party parties and present day Kenya.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-kenya\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"POLITICAL HISTORY OF KENYA","og_description":"This post discusses the political history of Kenya, the early history, independence, multi-party parties and present day Kenya.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-kenya\/","og_site_name":"Aziza Goodnews","article_publisher":"https:\/\/web.facebook.com\/azizaNigeria","article_published_time":"2023-05-17T09:48:12+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-10-30T07:42:07+00:00","og_image":[{"width":300,"height":168,"url":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Kenya-Political-History-1-2.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Aziza Nigeria","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Aziza Nigeria","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-kenya\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-kenya\/"},"author":{"name":"Aziza Nigeria","@id":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/#\/schema\/person\/a29bc9acbb64b1e017ed494d99d5459d"},"headline":"POLITICAL HISTORY OF KENYA","datePublished":"2023-05-17T09:48:12+00:00","dateModified":"2024-10-30T07:42:07+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-kenya\/"},"wordCount":1293,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-kenya\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Kenya-Political-History-1-2.jpg","keywords":["History of Kenya","Politics in Kenya"],"articleSection":["Africa"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-kenya\/","url":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-kenya\/","name":"POLITICAL HISTORY OF KENYA","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-kenya\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-kenya\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Kenya-Political-History-1-2.jpg","datePublished":"2023-05-17T09:48:12+00:00","dateModified":"2024-10-30T07:42:07+00:00","description":"This post discusses the political history of Kenya, the early history, independence, multi-party parties and present day Kenya.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-kenya\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-kenya\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-kenya\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Kenya-Political-History-1-2.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Kenya-Political-History-1-2.jpg","width":300,"height":168,"caption":"Kenya-Political-History"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/political-history-of-kenya\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"POLITICAL HISTORY OF KENYA"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/","name":"Aziza Goodnews","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Aziza Nigeria","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/#organization","name":"Aziza Nigeria","alternateName":"Aziza Goodnews","url":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cropped-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cropped-logo.png","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"Aziza Nigeria"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/web.facebook.com\/azizaNigeria"],"email":"contact@aziza.com.ng","telephone":"+234 811 611 2326","legalName":"Aziza Nigeria","foundingDate":"2011-02-01","numberOfEmployees":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","minValue":"1","maxValue":"10"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/#\/schema\/person\/a29bc9acbb64b1e017ed494d99d5459d","name":"Aziza Nigeria","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/df3c3583d4277d0c2d2ff252092f9f45c5bb7a8d1f622a69c1afbdb1e59efc31?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/df3c3583d4277d0c2d2ff252092f9f45c5bb7a8d1f622a69c1afbdb1e59efc31?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/df3c3583d4277d0c2d2ff252092f9f45c5bb7a8d1f622a69c1afbdb1e59efc31?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Aziza Nigeria"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read"]}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8550","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8550"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8550\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8552"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8550"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8550"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aziza.com.ng\/read\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8550"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}